SMART RHESINs—Superparamagnetic Magnetite Architecture Made of Phenolic Resin Hollow Spheres Coated with Eu(III) Containing Silica Nanoparticles for Future Quantitative Magnetic Particle Imaging Applications

Feldmann, C.; Treptow, J.; Fischer, A.; Rosch, E. S.; Feye, J.; Exarhos, Annemarie L.; Rudolph, D.; Roesky, P. W.; Popescu, R.; Gerthsen, D.; Matthias, J.; Boekelheide, Zoe; Franke, J.

SMART RHESINs—Superparamagnetic Magnetite Architecture Made of Phenolic Resin Hollow Spheres Coated with Eu(III) Containing Silica Nanoparticles for Future Quantitative Magnetic Particle Imaging Applications

Abstract

Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is a powerful and rapidly growing tomographic imaging technique that allows for the non-invasive visualization of superparamagnetic nanoparticles (NPs) in living matter. Despite its potential for a wide range of applications, the intrinsic quantitative nature of MPI has not been fully exploited in biological environments. In this study, a novel NP architecture that overcomes this limitation by maintaining a virtually unchanged effective relaxation (Brownian plus Néel) even when immobilized is presented. This superparamagnetic magnetite architecture made of phenolic resin hollow spheres coated with Eu(III) containing silica nanoparticles (SMART RHESINs) was synthesized and studied. Magnetic particle spectroscopy (MPS) measurements confirm their suitability for potential MPI applications. Photobleaching studies show an unexpected photodynamic due to the fluorescence emission peak of the europium ion in combination with the phenol formaldehyde resin (PFR). Cell metabolic activity and proliferation behavior are not affected. Colocalization experiments reveal the distinct accumulation of SMART RHESINs near the Golgi apparatus. Overall, SMART RHESINs show superparamagnetic behavior and special luminescent properties without acute cytotoxicity, making them suitable for bimodal imaging probes for medical use like cancer diagnosis and treatment. SMART RHESINs have the potential to enable quantitative MPS and MPI measurements both in mobile and immobilized environments.

Title	SMART RHESINs—Superparamagnetic Magnetite Architecture Made of Phenolic Resin Hollow Spheres Coated with Eu(III) Containing Silica Nanoparticles for Future Quantitative Magnetic Particle Imaging Applications
Creator	Feldmann, C.
	Treptow, J.
	Fischer, A.
	Rosch, E. S.
	Feye, J.
	Exarhos, Annemarie L.
	Rudolph, D.
	Roesky, P. W.
	Popescu, R.
	Gerthsen, D.
	Matthias, J.
	Boekelheide, Zoe
	Franke, J.
Publisher	Small
Academic Department	Physics
Division	Natural Sciences
Organization	Lafayette College
Date Issued	2023
Date Available	2023-09-27
Type	Article
Language	English
Bibliographic Citation	Feye, J., et al. (2023) "SMART RHESINs—Superparamagnetic Magnetite Architecture Made of Phenolic Resin Hollow Spheres Coated with Eu(III) Containing Silica Nanoparticles for Future Quantitative Magnetic Particle Imaging Applications." Small 19 (38): 2301997.
Standard Identifier	DOI 10.1002/smll.202301997
Standard Identifier	Handle 10385/dj52w634v
Permalink	http://hdl.handle.net/10385/dj52w634v
Rights Statement	Creative Commons - Attribution, Non-Commercial, No Derivatives
Rights Holders	Fischer, A.
	Popescu, R.
	Feye, J.
	Rosch, E. S.
	Matthias, J.
	Feldmann, C.
	Treptow, J.
	Exarhos, Annemarie L.
	Gerthsen, D.
	Franke, J.
	Rudolph, D.
	Roesky, P. W.
	Boekelheide, Z.